An estimated 101,200 people are living with HIV in the UK. Of those, 31% are women, which is nearly 30,000 women. Similar too many other parts of the world, HIV-related stigma and discrimination prevent many people in the UK from accessing the services they need and to live a good quality of life beyond viral suppression (Avert 2017). HIV related stigma is linked with poorer mental health outcomes, including emotional distress, reduced self-esteem and is one of the strongest hindrances to effectively responding to HIV, as the health care providers' attitudes towards people living with HIV may influence the actual services offered.
Further studies have shown that PLWIV have reported violations of their privacy and confidentiality, involuntary disclosure of HIV status, being given last appointments when attending dental care, negative attitudes and humiliating practices by healthcare workers. As result, PLHIV lack confidence in healthcare staff outside specialist HIV clinics and this leads to worry about the treatment and care they will receive now and in their later life and also means that in turn HIV can remain untreated (Jackie Stevenson 2017; The Kings Fund 2017). The three main causes of HIV-related stigma in health facilities include: lack of awareness among health workers of what stigma looks like and why it is detrimental; fear of casual contact as a result of having incomplete knowledge about HIV transmission; and the association of HIV with improper or immoral behavior.